Financial Ratio Analysis

Question: Talk about the proportions and different counts with regards to the companys benefit, proficiency, liquidity, outfitting (influence) and venture execution. Answer: Gainfulness Ratios Two of the most significant proportions of Billabongs gainfulness are return on resources and profit for value. Profit for Assets Profit for Assets (ROA) of Billabong will quantify how viably the organization's advantages are being utilized for creating its net benefits. This helpful measure furnishes Billabongs examination regarding its serious presentation. Recipe This proportion is determined by separating overall gain by normal all out resources. Profit for Equity Profit for Equity (ROE) of Billabong will gauge the net return per dollar which the normal investors put resources into the firm, (Baker Riddick, 2013). Equation This proportion is determined by partitioning total compensation by investor's value. It ought to be noticed that the gainfulness proportions are gotten from the Billabongs pay articulation. Subsequently, these measures exhibit the companys intermittent execution, covering the period as announced in its pay explanation, (Taylor, 2013). Resource Utilization Ratios These proportions will give the administrations proportion of control as the proportions give direction to basic components worried about the utilization of the Billabong's benefits, stock and assortment of records receivable in the companys everyday tasks, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). All out Asset Turnover (TAT) The TAT shows that Billabong has been utilizing its advantages beneficially throughout the year. Despite the fact that there is no significant change in the incentive somewhere in the range of 2014 and 2015 in the estimation of this proportion, such a circumstance additionally implies, that the administration had a powerful authority over resource turnover, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Equation This proportion is determined by partitioning net deals by normal all out resources. Fixed Asset Turnover (FAT) Billabong has been utilizing its fixed resources, including its plant and hardware and has exhibited that these are all the more suitably used for direct creation alongside the present resources, which incorporate money and records receivable, thus numerous examiners would be empowered for suggesting the organization in light of the companys this proportion of adequacy, (Keown et al, 2012). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating net deals by normal all out fixed resources. Stock Turnover Cost of merchandise sold (COGS) is gotten from the companys pay articulation and it demonstrates those costs which are credited to creation of the products and which are sold during the predetermined period and stock is an appeared as a present resource on the monetary record. The reason for this measure is to perceive how frequently Billabong is using its stock to advance its deals during the predefined period, (Keown et al, 2012). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating the expense of merchandise sold for a particular period by the normal stock for a similar period. Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) This is one basic proportion, additionally named as Accounts Receivable Turnover proportion, which the administration of Billabong must screen all the time. This proportion additionally mirrors the normal assortment time of the organization for its obligations. A littler DSO implies that the administration of Billabong has a tight authority over its business sectors and is productive in dealing with the assets of the investors, (Yona, 2011). Recipe Records receivable turnover is determined by separating the net credit deals for a particular period by the normal records receivable for that period. Influence Ratios Influence proportions give proportion of Billabong's utilization of obligation financing. This is the motivation behind why experts utilize these broadly to show up at choices for suggesting new credit or expansion of a current credit plan. Since the utilization of obligation financing can build the hazard factor of the organization, administrations and leasers should screen the extra hazard continually regarding obtaining of cash by the organization and furthermore observe the expanded open doors which the new capital will give, (Yona, 2011). Absolute Debt Ratio The above conversation is significant as any organization has just two different ways of financing the securing of an advantage either through obtained reserves or by using reserves produced from inner activities or by selling stock in the market. Billabongs obligation proportion of 65% implies that, for each dollar of benefits which Billabong has, 65 pennies are financed with obligation money, (Mudra, 2014). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating complete liabilities by all out resources. Long haul Debt Ratio On a similar premise as over, a few loan bosses may likewise concentrate on Billabong's utilization of long haul obligations. This can be resolved as it fuses a little variety in the all out obligation proportion, by consolidating long haul liabilities in the numerator. Obligation to-Equity Ratio The obligation to-value proportion of 185% for Billabong implies that for every dollar of itsequity, the organization has 1.85 dollars of obligation financing. The obligation to value proportion is an accounting report proportion as all the components are appeared in a critical position sheet, (Mudra, 2014). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating all out liabilities by complete value. Two other influence proportions of Billabong are critical for the organization's banks and these are the occasions premium earned and the fixed-charge inclusion proportions. These two proportions help the investigators in estimating the organization's capacity to meet its on-going responsibilities in overhauling the obligations which it had acquired beforehand, (Taylor, 2013). Times Interest Earned The occasions premium earned (TIE) proportion on account of Billabong has demonstrated a decay from 5.62 in 2014 to 4.10 in 2015. Be that as it may, it is as yet a solid marker that the companys working benefits during the ongoing time frame likewise surpassed the all out intrigue costs by 410 percent. From the investigators perspective, the higher this proportion goes, the more will be Billabong viewed as solid monetarily, (Taylor, 2013). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating salary before intrigue and annual charges by the intrigue cost. Fixed Charge Coverage On a similar premise as the time premium earned proportion, this fixed charge inclusion proportion, which is likewise named as the obligation administration inclusion proportion, considers all the normal intermittent commitments of the organization for a given period. Recipe This proportion begins with the occasions earned premium proportion and includes material fixed expenses. Liquidity Ratios The liquidity proportions are those measures which demonstrate the organization's capacity in reimbursing its transient obligation commitments. Current liabilities speak to just those commitments which are required to be settled in one year or less, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Current Ratio This proportion analyzes the present resources held by Billabong in contrast with its present liabilities. Recipe This proportion is determined by separating current resources by current liabilities. Fast proportion Investigators accept that the financial meaning of liquidity for an organization is its capacity to transform a benefit into money at or close to the honest evaluation of the advantage. Since stock can't be effectively sold, it isn't viewed as ready to meet any momentary commitments. By barring inventories, this proportion gives an increasingly severe liquidity proportion of the organization when contrasted with the present proportion, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Recipe This proportion is determined by including money, money reciprocals, transient ventures, and current receivables together at that point partitioning them by current liabilities. Market Value Ratios Financial specialists and administrations are keen available proportions, which can be utilized in esteeming Billabong's normal stock. Value/Earnings Ratio This proportion, which is all around known as the PE Ratio, has been the most broadly cited measurable proportion which concerns an organization's normal stock, (Yona, 2011). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating the market esteem cost per share by theearnings per share. Market-to-book Ratio This proportion is another related measure, regularly utilized alongside the PE Ratio, for stock valuation purposes by investigators. A large portion of the financial specialists might want to look at Billabongs current cost of the regular stock with the companys book estimation of stock. Such a measure is named as the value/book proportion. On the off chance that the proportion is more prominent than one and this is the thing that happens to be the situation for dominant part of stocks, at that point the investigators accept that the companys stock is exchanging including some built-in costs when contrasted with its book esteem, (Baker Riddick, 2013). Rundown Of References Dough puncher, H.K. furthermore, Riddick, L.A. (2013) International Finance: A Survey. Oxford: OUP USA. Greuning, H., Scott, D. also, Terblanche, S. (2011) International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. Keown, A.J., Martin, J.D., Petty, J.W. what's more, Scott, D.F. (2012) Financial Management: Principles and Applications (tenth ed). New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Mudra, J. (2014) International Financial Management (twelfth ed). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Taylor, M.P. (2013) Purchasing Power Parity and Real Exchange Rates. Oxon: Routledge Yona, L. (2011) International Finance for Developing Countries. Keynes: AuthorHouse.

Market Entry Plan Essay

The Aluminum advertise in Europe doesn't have a decent possibility to be extended. Alcoa guaranteed that it will close down the production line in Portovesme, Italy, and diminish the yield of the processing plant in Spain. This is on the grounds that Alcoa and European commission have contended for the force gracefully contract for quite a while. Besides, the European obligation emergency prompted a discouraged economy. In this manner, Alcoa chose to turn its market out of Europe and afterward begin to search for other oversea markets. Despite the fact that, Africa is perhaps the least fortunate landmass of the world, in certain nations, for example, Mozambique, the economy has been developing consistently. From this imminent, we prescribe Alcoa to open up the market in Mozambique, South Africa. We led the exploration dependent on sources from on-line assets. Our proposition centers around breaking down the activity of Alcoa and the chance of another market. 2. About Alcoa is the world’s most well known maker of aluminum and created aluminum, and it is the greatest digger of bauxite and purifier of alumina. Alcoa has more than 61,000 representatives and more than 200 areas in 31 nations. Alcoa not just gives hard composite expulsions, forgings, Alcoaâ ® wheels, yet in addition has its mastery in other light metals. The deals of Alcoa were $25 billion of every 2011. 2. 1 Brief History Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa Inc. ) has 120-years’ history. During the 1920’s, Alcoa hoarded aluminum creation in North America and delivered in excess of 63 percent of the world yield. Toward the finish of World War I, Alcoa delivered exorbitant limit, particularly for regular citizen employments. In any case, the war made Alcoa understand that it was essential to improve the nature of item, and Alcoa put more cash in innovative work. In 1925, Alcoa entered the main outer market, Canada, and it held over a large portion of the rimary aluminum on the planet. In 1958, Alcoa began the primary major abroad mine-to-metal endeavor in Suriname. After the fruitful endeavor in Suriname, Alcoa chose to grow the seaward endeavors. In 1960s, Alcoa created tasks in Australia and Brazil. Simultaneously, Alcoa drove the methodology to concentrate on business land development and manufactured items. The Easy-O pen aluminum innovation made Alcoa hold a huge level of the canned brew advertise. In the 1970’s, Alcoa persistently extended the abroad market and utilized mathematic demonstrating to control the creation. In the 1980’s and the 1990’s, Alcoa concentrated on delivering non-aluminum items and was worried about wellbeing. From 2000 to introduce, Alcoa has made vital mergers and acquisitions, for example, Alumax, Reynolds. 2. 2 Business Operation Alcoa Business System (ABS) is the center used to oversee Alcoa organizations. Here are its three standards: ?Make to Use The primary guideline depends on customers’ will and request, for example, single-piece creation, on request; deformity free, at the most reduced conceivable cost, made securely. ?Kill Waste The subsequent guideline targets uncovering and taking care of issues and spotlights on cost cutting and cost sparing during all their assembling and business forms. ?The People Linchpin the System The third guideline is worried about making on condition which fulfills individuals. Additionally, Alcoa attempts to recognize and take care of issues, and connection to their progress from â€Å"make to inventory† to â€Å"make to use†. 2. 3 Product Scope Alcoa produces different items, for example, level moved items, hard compound expulsions, and forgings; just as Alcoaâ ® wheels, affixing frameworks, and exactness. Here are some significant results of Alcoa: ?Aerospace Alcoa is the world chief in single-precious stone innovation for cutting edge castings that withstand the extraordinary temperatures of clean-consuming air motors. ?Car Alcoa constructs a superior vehicle, truck, trailer or vessel. The explanation behind this is utilizing more aluminum to diminish the general load of the vehicle, which altogether decreases ozone depleting substance emanations. ?Building and Construction Alcoa has consistently offered extraordinary favorable circumstances for planning the shape, appearance and manageability of present day structures. These new aluminum segments can accomplish green structure guidelines. Alcoa likewise gives elite glass, which takes into account productive light control, lower vitality utilization, erosion obstruction and resistance from the destructive impacts of UV beams. ?Bundling Aluminum bundling arrangements convey newness, accommodation, and security for food, drinks and different items. For instance, the aluminum bottle offers premium, top of the line bundling choices. 2. 4 Targeted Market According to the measurements, Asia, North America and Western Europe are the best three aluminum utilization regions on the planet. In Asian district, for example, China, Korea and India, these creating nations have an expanding interest for aluminum. Nonetheless, the aggregate sum of aluminum expended in America, Canada and Japan encountered a descending pattern. Now, Alcoa’s target market should give more consideration to China and India. Plus, in spite of the fact that Africa is supplied with regular assets, aluminum assets have no industrially abused worth. In this way, all the delivering crude materials are subject to imports from remote nations in South Africa. As it were, Africa is for the most part delivering essential and auxiliary aluminum items. Accordingly, if Alcoa sends out different types of aluminum items to Africa, Alcoa will increase a gigantic benefit. Figure 1: Target Market of Alcoa 2. 5 Strength and Weakness Alcoa is the world’s biggest excavator of bauxite and purifier of alumina. Likewise, it has a long history begun in 1888 so the organization is a specialist in organization and delivering. Also, Alcoa is the main maker of essential aluminum and created aluminum everywhere throughout the world. Alcoa has gotten numerous records and cooperative attitude, for example, 100 Best Corporate Citizens 2012â€Corporate Responsibility Magazine. In addition, propelled methods and unremitting exertion in advancement make its items and administrations assume a significant job in the aluminum showcase. Be that as it may, Alcoa is confronted with the issue of contamination. For instance, Alcoa’s contaminations made the inhabitants who lived six kilometers from the manufacturing plants become ill. Subsequently, Alcoa was rebuffed by the administration in Australia. 3. New Oversea Market: Mozambique Located in Southeast Africa, circumscribed by the Indian Ocean toward the east, Mozambique is probably the most unfortunate nation on the planet. Mozambique is bounteous in rich and broad common assets, and its economy depends to a great extent on horticulture. Today, the economy is becoming quick in Mozambique, and the created legitimate framework causes Mozambique to turn into an expectation in this poor landmass. We prescribe Alcoa to enter this market, in view of the prosperous improvement of Mozambique. 3. 1 Economy in Mozambique is in the most unfortunate district in the least fortunate mainland of the world, Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, it was considered as the second least fortunate nation, with a for each capita GDP underneath the African normal. 4 percent of the number of inhabitants in Mozambique was beneath the destitution line in 2008. Be that as it may, monetary development in Mozambique has been solid since the country’s common war finished in 1992, and it has risen as one of the fasted developing economies. Since 1996, financial development has been steady; the monetary development rate was around 6. 2 percent in 2009. The expansion rate has been around its most reduced level in 10 years. Likewise, the genuine pay developed quickly, and it significantly increased around the same time. In addition, the genuine salary has developed by 14 percent in 2001 and 11 percent in 2002. Be that as it may, Zimbabwe, a neighboring nation, has declined 8 percent in 2001 and 6 percent in 2002. Right now, increasingly outside firms have put resources into Mozambique, and these organizations are for the most part in the aluminum business and mining industry. The outside ventures can appreciate charge benefits in Mozambique. In 2010, UK sent out around 112 million pounds to Mozambique with imports at very nearly 78 million pounds. A British mining bunch has contributed 1. 3 billion dollars in the nation, which secured aluminum industry, the travel industry, and it prompts a lot of outside trade. The enormous towns and urban communities have been advanced by the impact of outside venture; nonetheless, the impact doesn't have any significant bearing to the provincial zone in Mozambique. We can construe that the economy in Mozambique is the expectation of this district, contrasting with other nation in Sub-Saharan Africa. 3. 2 Political System in Mozambique During the common war, the legislative issues and economy were disturbed. Since the finish of the common war, the political circumstance in Mozambique has been steady. The legislature is resolved to keep up national solidarity, and actualizes proper and sober minded politic arrangement. Mozambique held the principal fair races on October 1994, under universal investigation. Albeit some impediment exists, for instance, the appointive procedure was boycotted in city races in 1998; this political decision framework can assist the electorate with expressing their will. Mozambique currently has built up a chosen majority rule government, which offers ascend to a solid legitimate framework. Additionally, a great legitimate framework ensures private property and gives motivation to individuals to contribute and create by both residential and outside financial specialists. 3. 3 International Relationship Mozambique has close relations with its in the past British-administered neighbors in Africa, in light of the fact that these nations shared experience that battled contrary to white principle. This prompted Mozambique joining the Commonwealth in 1995. Mozambique additionally dispatched troops to add to the United Nations, helping them in peacekeeping issues in Burundi, and partook in South African Development Community peacekeeping preparing and arranging. 3. 4 Aluminum industry in Mozambique 3. 4. 1 Brief Introduction of the Market Alcoa is situated in 31 nations everywhere throughout the world. Be that as it may, it is just situated in two nations in Africa: Morocco and Guinea. To fire up another business in Africa I

What Ive Been Up To

What I’ve Been Up To Hey all! I havent been around this site in months, and rather than giving you a large, apologetic explanation which would do nothing to redeem myself to you applicants and prefroshers and even preapplicants out there, Im going to go right in and cover everything interesting Ive seen here. Since like November. Well, fine, one sentence: I ended up failing the physics test which I took the day after my last post, and then averaged 2-4 hours of sleep after that until finals week. Then I ran away and could not bring myself to do anything that would require thought over break. But I ended up passing all of my classes, went on an IAP trip to Death Valley and Southern California for eight days for CREDIT, took a class called the Nuts and Bolts of Engineering in case I, yknow, decide to start a business now Im ready to WRITE!!!! (If you want to see the rather long list of things I did rather, watched instead of writing this over IAP, Ive shamelessly put them at the end of this post. Mostly in the anime/asian drama category. Seriously, I wrote this post half a month ago, and I couldnt get myself to edit it. But now Im switching from IAP mode to work mode!) Let me start with the fun stuff then lessons learned at IAP. #1 Cambridge and Boston are meant to be explored. #2 Exercise and sleep are corequisites to sanity. #3 It is possible to go from doing everything to doing what feels like almost absolutely nothing almost immediately. Maybe not for everyone. Some people never stop working. Or they work and party at the same time. But at least for yours truly this holds. So 1 and 2 I biked to this cafe in Central Square called the Clear Conscience Cafe, which is right in front of this supermarket called the Harvest Market. Theyre like the same place! You can get your groceries and sit down to have lunch at like the same place! I could spend all day there using their free wifi and eating their hummus sandwiches! And Oh, and when I had to go home for a weekend I walked from MIT to the South Station bus terminal. Went through Newbury Street. It was FREEZING. I finally got a chance to warm up and get food when I went through Chinatown and found this Vegan Thai Place. Vegan fried rice! With vegan chicken and shrimp too! Vegan BUBBLE TEA! Sorry I couldnt have taken one of the whole thing I was, um, thirsty ;) Its made with coconut milk! (Taro flavored =D) Yumm And just this weekend (post-IAP) I biked all the way to Allston (about 40-50 minutes away by bike) to go to a Vegan Bake Sale for Haiti. Best idea EVER! And best vegan cookies and biscotti EVER! They disappeared before I could charge my camera! Now Im biking to Harvard for this class (non-credit) called Reading and Study Strategies, which meets from 8-9 AM at the Harvard Science Center. Speaking of which, its today and its 1 AM now ANYWAY. I forgot to include pictures from 12.120, Environmental Earth Science Field Course, where we saw Hoover Dam, petroglyphs, signs of ancient volcanic and tectonic activity including this HUGE landslide that took us like 15 minutes to drive from the start to the end and 20 to drive through its width Yay red sandstone! This is on our way to the Valley of Fire, named as such because of rocks like these, where we saw petroglyphs! If I find a pic Ill put it up A petrified log! Because Im too lazy to explain what it is. On the edge of the Ubihibi crater in Death Valley. Guy in the sign: WHEEEEEEEEEEEE!!!!!!!! At the lowest point on land in North America, Lake Badwater. Mostly salt. Thats the way to MIT? Or near there? Ready, set, go! So here are some of the other things Ive done (read: watched) when I had free time: Anime/manga: Ergo Proxy, didnt really finish many but tried some more serious/dark ones like Saikano, also Clannad which isnt really dark, but Clannad 2 looked wayyy too sad for me oh and a pretty good death note fanfic! Dramas: Watched Youre Beautiful and rewatched the first half with my cousin from Puerto Rico =D Actually ended up not liking it so much by the end, perhaps because I didnt really like the main guy obnoxious guys usually change by the end of a series but for this one he was still obnoxious Love Contract I thought with Ariel Lin and Mike He in it this would be a surefire hit, but while the middle was amazing the beginning and end were not so much. But geez, compare Mike in this more serious one to a lighter show like Devil Beside You or Why Why Love hes quite versatile! Autumns Concerto (a taiwanese drama which is frustratingly long, annoying, nothing surprising except the fact that it takes like 20 EPISODES for something that should have happened on episode 6 to happen but the first five eps were good =D) Hi My Sweetheart (I prefer more serious dramas, but many dramas have some form of ridiculousness meh, maybe I just wanted the guy to keep his cool hairdo at the end) Btw if youve seen Hi My Sweetheart, or even if you havent want to know what who this guy is? Hes the guy from THIS music video! All right, stay posted for spring-term adventures (and perhaps some academic stuff) next week!

The Progressive Era And The New Deal - 1103 Words

Despite existing during two different times in the history of the United States, it can be argued that the New Deal reforms reflected the reform traditions of the Progressive Era. When examining the New Deal, Progressive influence is evident based first off of the social and political issues addressed by reforms. Second, the reforms from the two times themselves are uncannily similar, again due to the focus on the same problems existing in the United States. In addition to this, the icing on the cake is found when examining President Roosevelt’s administration during the New Deal, a majority of which were intelligent Progressive reformers during the Progressive Era. Because of this, the New Deal reflected the reform traditions of the†¦show more content†¦Despite having differentiating reasons behind their reforms, the New Deal and the Progressive Era focused on the same issues, which is evident in the similarity of their reforms. As we already know from the aforementi oned information, both the Progressive Era and New Deal had a focus on similar issues, specifically the rights of laborers, the improvement and expansion of public facilities, and the limitations of corporate power. Reforms during the Progressive era reflected these values, as seen in the work accomplished by Samuel Jones, President Taft, and President Wilson. Jones, a Progressive mayor in Toledo, Ohio â€Å"†¦founded night schools and free kindergartens, built new parks, and supported the right of workers to unionize† (Give Me Liberty 699) in an effort to improve public resources. President Taft - one of the presidents during the Progressive era - implemented antitrust laws which attacked corporations’ influence by limiting the power of the wealthy, either through taxation or prosecution of antitrust violators. 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The Universal Truths on the Epic of Gilgamesh and the...

Christopher Gilchrist Professor Ms. Alyse W. Jones World Literature I - English 2111 October 7, 2012 The Universal Truths on ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh amp; The Hebrew Bible’ The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible are considered by their audiences’ as two of the greatest literary works of ancient literature. The universal truths on The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible, are most fundamental when viewed from both the contemporary and traditional audiences. Fundamentally, both audiences develop their own universal truths during the time in which the events transpired or by reading the scenic events from an anthology or other literary works. Most importantly, both literary works have sought the attention of their†¦show more content†¦For example, in The Epic of Gilgamesh, â€Å"A snake caught the scent of the plant, Stealthily it came up and carried the plant away, On its way back it shed its skin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.For myself I have obtained no benefit, I have done a good deed for a reptile (Sec. 11, 307 – 317).† This excerpt conveys to its audience Gilgamesh’s thought process at the pinnacle of the story. We, as the audience, now realize that Gilgamesh has finally accepted that death is inevitable. The inevitability of death also played a major role in The Hebrew Bible. For example, â€Å"And the woman said, ‘The serpent beguiled me and I ate, etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.And to the human He said, for dust you are and to dust shall you return’ (Genesis – Sec. 3, pg. 160 – 161).† As a result of mankind’s disobedience to God’s authority, the human population was cursed with the inevitability of death for all generations. There will always be philosophical interpretations that will create universal truths for many generations to come. In addition, these literary works enriches the audiences’ understanding of these texts as supremely important cultural and historical documents, for audiences who embrace their universal truths. Both generational audiences’ spiritual interpretations seemed to have, collectively, developed a text of extraordinary literary works that are overflowing with philosophical and truth-seeking richness. Work Cited â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh.† The Norton Anthology WorldShow MoreRelatedThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesand agricultural land led to incessant warfare, and in time, stronger towns and leagues formed kingdoms. The people who occupied northern Mesopotamia and Syria spoke mostly Semitic languages (that is, languages in the same family as Arabic and Hebrew). Many of these Semitic peoples absorbed aspects of Sumerian culture, especially writing. The Mesopotamians believed that the large city of Kish, in northern Babylonia, had history’s first kings. In the east, a people known as the Akkadians established

The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1 Free Essays

The Kite Runner Chapter Review of Narrative Aspects Chapter 1; It is December 2001, and our narrator, recalls an event that occurred in 1975, when he was twelve years old and growing up in Afghanistan. He doesn’t say what happened, but says it made him who he is. He follows this recollection by telling us about a call he received last summer from a friend in Pakistan, Rahim Khan. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rahim Khan asks Amir, to come to Pakistan to see him. When Amir gets off the phone, he takes a walk through San Francisco, where he lives now. He notices kites flying, and thinks of his past, including his friend Hassan. Narrative aspects: Narrative voice: 1st person narrative, ‘I became what I am today’ – Amir tells us a story about his past, and what he remembers, from his point of view. Indirect speech, ‘I thought about something Rahim Khan said†¦. There is a way to be good again. ’ – it doesn’t let the reader make a relationship with the other character, as this chapter is all about Amir. Setting: Introduces the alley almost straight away, ‘I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years’ – it gives us a mysterious setting, and the alley becomes a key symbol of misdeeds in the novel. Talks about where he is while telling the story, ‘like a pair of eyes looking down on San Francisco. ’ – gives us a brief idea of where he is and wants us to find out why he is there, as it also talks about Afghanistan and Pakistan. Structure: the repetition of kites, ‘saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. ’ ‘twin kites. ’ – significant because it sticks in a reader’s brain as they try to work out how the kites may be significant in the rest of the novel. Which they find out they are. Also ‘twin kites’ can refer to Hassan and Amir, as they are brothers and the last kite they ran together made their friendship fall apart. Non- linear, it talks about different points of his life in a very short amount of time, because he is ooking back on his life as well as telling the reader what is happening in his life while he is telling the story. Form: Monologue, speaks in broken language, almost like in his thoughts he can’t put in words what he is thinking and what he remembers, ‘I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. ’- it gives the reader an impression that there is a lo t to find out about Amir. Retrospective Narrative, he is looking back on his past, and the opening chapter makes us curious about what will happen next. How to cite The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1, Essays

Polypropylene Fibers Essays - Building Materials,

Polypropylene Fibers According to major supplies, "Use of synthetic fibers for reinforcing concrete is continuously, increasing. The increase has been considerable since 1980, but slowed somewhat in 1990, a year of substantial construction cutbacks. Apparently the construction community believes there are advantages in the use of synthetic fibers in concrete." (Schupack) Synthetic fibers are used to improve crack control in concrete. Some reports say that synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) would replace welded wire fabric in many slab-on-grade applications. But in reality if the welded wire fabric is placed properly it controls crack width better than the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete. In a case study of the use of synthetic fibers in reinforced concrete, the following conclusions were obtained. No matter what concrete placing job is being done, there is no substitute for good concrete practices. The use of a low fiber volume mix will help control plastic shrinkage cracks and bleeding, but not give good cracking control once the crack forms. The synthetic fibers running through a crack have a poor bond providing no shear friction. Impact and toughness tests on synthetic fiber reinforced concrete imply less edge spalling will occur. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) conducted two studies on polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, one dealing with plastic shrinkage cracking and the other on permeability characteristics. Plastic shrinkage cracking occurs when the surface water on the concrete evaporates faster than the bleed water reaches the surface of the concrete. It was determined by the plastic shrinking cracking study that polypropylene fibers helped reduce the total plastic shrinkage crack area on test panels. Also determined is that the screeding rate affects the total crack area in polypropylene reinforced concrete, while finishing operations showed no significant effects. This study also suggests the use of longer fibers (about 0.75in.) will produce less crack area. "Permeability plays an important role in long-term durability of concrete materials. Permeability of concrete generally refers to the rate at which particular aggressive substances (water, sulfates, chloride ions, etc.) can flow through the concrete." (Soroushian) As discussed in the plastic shrinkage study that polypropylene fibers reduce cracking. Less cracking in the concrete surface that surface would be less permeable. In the permeability study, they concentrated on the effects of chloride and the permeability of the concrete. The results of this study concluded polypropylene fibers had little effects on chloride permeability of concrete. The polypropylene fibers only help reduce plastic shrinkage cracks. In residential construction, polypropylene fibers have been in use since the mid-to-late 1970s. Polypropylene fibers are used for their high tensile strength and low cost. These fibers fit into two categories, for early plastic shrinkage and for improved long-term crack control. One of the first residential applications of polypropylene fibers was in western Pennsylvania, in March of 1979. Fibers were used in all the flat work of the residence. Polypropylene fibers have gained acceptance by residential home builders due to its flexibility and its ability to conform to forms. Home builders say polypropylene fibers help them sell more concrete by reducing the potential risks of cracking. The use of polypropylene does not compensate for the lack of good design, water/cement ratios, temperature and wind conditions. One important thing to remember is nothing replaces good concrete practices. Bibliography Schupack, Morris, and William R. Stanley. "Seven Case Studies of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Slabs." Concrete International Feb. 1992:50-56. Soroushian, Parviz., Faiz Mirza, and Abdulraman Alhozaimy. "Permeability Characteristics of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete." ACI Materials Journal 92(1995):291-295. Mirza, Faiz., Parviz Soroushian, and Abdulraman Alhozaimy. "Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete." ACI Materials Journal 92(1995):553-560. Biddle, Daniel T. "Fiber Reinforcement in Residential Concrete." Concrete International Feb. 1991:46-47.

Ivanhoe essays

Ivanhoe essays In the book Ivanhoe, by Sir Walter Scott, a knight named Ivanhoe devotes his life to keeping to the codes of chivalry. The general setting is in England, where the way of life is medieval. Respect and loyalty are two of the character traits that Ivanhoe has. These are two very important traits because without them, what kind of person would he be? For example, in the beginning of the book Ivanhoe is known as the Disinherited Knight because his father, Cedric of Saxon, disinherits him; however, even though he is abandoned, he still respects his father and is loyal to him. His respect is shown in the book when the castle burns and his father is very disrespectful toward his son. But Ivanhoe does not get upset. Ivanhoe is not only loyal to his real father but to King Richard the Lion Heart as well. When his father disowns Ivanhoe, King Richard steps in and adopts him. Ivanhoe attaches himself to the King and follows him into battle for the Crusades. When the King is captured, Ivanhoe has loyalty and sets his eye on freeing him. Glory is also something that Ivanhoe uses to lead him on. Austrians imprisoned his stepfather, King Richard the Lion Heart, on his way back from the crusades. Ivanhoe put his effort towards freeing him and glorifying his country of England. He courageously goes to battle to fight for England in the Crusades. Because of his bravery England is saved. Besides glory, bravery is used throughout the novel also. An example of this is when Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert dies for Rebecca. Ivanhoe demonstrates bravery when he fights Brian to repay Rebecca for her care when he is hurt. He is also very brave when he fights for his Saxon image. Glory and Bravery are not the only things Ivanhoe is demonstrating by fighting for England. He is also showing a fear of disgrace. If his home country of England were to lose the battles, he and his country would be disgraced. His fear of disgrace helps lead him on...

How to Write the Nuclear Symbol of an Element

How to Write the Nuclear Symbol of an Element This worked problem demonstrates how to write nuclear symbols for isotopes of a given element. The nuclear symbol of an isotope indicates the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of the element. It does not indicate the number of electrons. The number of neutrons is not stated. Instead, you have to figure it out based on the number of protons or atomic number. Nuclear Symbol Example: Oxygen Write the nuclear symbols for three isotopes of oxygen in which there are 8, 9, and 10  neutrons, respectively. Solution Use a periodic table to look up the atomic number of oxygen. The atomic number indicates how many protons are in an element. The nuclear symbol indicates the composition of the nucleus. The atomic number ( the  number of protons) is a subscript at the lower left of the symbol of the element. The mass number (the sum of protons and neutrons) is a superscript at the upper left of the element symbol. For example, the nuclear symbols of the element hydrogen are: 11H, 21H, 31H Pretend that the superscripts and subscripts line up on top of each other: They should do it this way in your homework problems, even though its not printed that way in this example.  Since its redundant to specify the number of protons in an element if you know its identity, its also correct to write: 1H, 2H, 3H Answer The element symbol for oxygen is O and its atomic number is 8. The mass numbers for oxygen must be 8 8 16; 8 9 17; 8 10 18. The nuclear symbols are written this way (again, pretend the superscript and subscript are sitting right on top of each other beside the element symbol):168O, 178O, 188O Or, you could write: 16O, 17O, 18O Nuclear Symbol Shorthand While its common to write nuclear symbols with the atomic mass- the sum of the number of protons and neutrons- as a superscript and atomic number (the number of protons) as a subscript, theres an easier way to indicate nuclear symbols. Instead, write the element name or symbol, followed by the number of protons plus neutrons. For example, helium-3 or He-3 is the same as writing 3He or 31He, the most common isotope of helium, which has two protons and one neutron. Example nuclear symbols for oxygen  would be oxygen-16, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18, which have 8, 9, and 10 neutrons, respectively. Uranium Notation   Uranium is an element often described using this shorthand notation. Uranium-235 and uranium-238 are isotopes of uranium. Each uranium atom has 92 atoms (which you can verify using a periodic table), so these isotopes contain 143 and 146 neutrons, respectively. Over 99 percent of natural uranium is the isotope uranium-238, so you can see that the most common isotope isnt always one with equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Ethics - Essay Example Since infant walkers have hit the market, parents ran out and purchased the product. In 1992 30,000 injuries were related to the product and eventually the product was banned in 1994. Upon being banned makers were aware that the market for the product was out there because of the freedom it allowed infants and the way parents responded according to sales. What this meant for manufactures was that the product still had potential to make a nice amount of profit. Just because a product is banned in the United States does not mean that the product could not be sold in other countries. Most manufactures that see a potential market that will allow for large profit will pursue targeting the market. This happens every day and requires that certain individuals make either ethical or unethical business decisions. The infant walker case has many ethical and unethical business decisions behind exporting the product. An agent assigned to the case could be making ethical business decisions by expo rting the product if the agent was unaware of the ban in the United States. The company however would be making the unethical decisions by purposely hiring someone new or someone unaware of the previous injuries resulting from the product. An agent would be acting unethically if they were aware of the previous injuries and how the product has become banned.

M2S Evolution of the problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

M2S Evolution of the problem - Essay Example Most people do not understand how they can pay the insurance premiums on their own. Here, organizations come in with the desire that each and everyone are taxed to pay the insurance premiums. The decision is usually made by the board or the government in some countries. With a half done bureaucracy, the board comes up with policies that each employee must adhere. Pilzer (2005) argues that one should apply for his own individual /family health insurance policy as soon as possible .if one has a health savings account, one is allowed to withdraw money tax free to pay health insurance premiums. Another problem is when an employer offer s a high deductable amount which affects the employees. The employers come up with a figure without consulting the employees. The health care insurance on the other hand has its advantages. Without the scheme many people could not afford treatment from good private hospitals in the world today. Presently whether poor or rich, a person can access proper medical care. This can be made better if people are allowed to call their own insurance company and get the policy. The problem in many organizations is that one is forced to an insurance

Impact of Brexit and Trump on International Marketing

Impact of Brexit and Trump on International Marketing â€Å"In light of the Brexit and other political events in 2016, discuss the possible implications for companies international marketing strategies.† Introduction The world as we know it, is changing. In light of the previous years, humanity has witnessed severe changes in the political arena around the world. The election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States (U.S), the referendum in the United Kingdom (U.K), the failed Coup in Turkey, the breakup of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Rise of the Far-Right in Europe are just some of the major political events that will change and reform the world dramatically imposing changes in businesses international marketing strategies (Foster, 2016; Lindsay, 2016). Amendments in the political scene trigger changes in all aspects of everyday life, with the impact of these alterations depicted in economy, business, society and even in climate. In this paper, an analysis will be conducted to examine the relation between marketing strategy and politics and how they affect the international marketing strategy in terms of standardization or adaption, along with possible alterations in the marketing mix. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to discuss the possible impact that important political events, such as Donald Trump’s presidency and Brexit, had on companies’ strategies. Relations between political environment and businesses In recent decades, the world has observed the globalisation and democratization of markets, a phenomenon that enabled companies to transcend borders and entry international markets (Czinkota, 2016). As Theodosiou and Leonidou (2002) claimed, the globalisation and democratization of international business scene is related moderately to the liberation of trading, which has changed the way companies and marketers design and implement their international strategies. Reduced domestic growth and excessive domestic competition are further reasons for firms moving into foreign markets (Kotler et al., 1996). As companies gain more knowledge and experience in international operation, they progress through stages of internationalization following the Upsala Internationalization Model (Keill0r, Boller & Luke, 1998). In other words, companies had to assess if they will comply with a standardization approach or adapt their strategies in cross-border countries. The former approach was led by: the similarities of countries due to the globalization of markets, the update and expansion of international communication channels and the birth of Internet, while the latter underlined that companies should acknowledge and adapt to the variations amongst different countries (Theodosiou & Leonidou, 2002). Kottler et al. (2011) claim that businesses’ decisions on which market they will enter, and by what means, are based on the evaluation and ranking of several factors. One of them is the risk of the political power that each country and government has. According to Ghauri & Cateora (2014), the importance of the political power over companies can be understood by the recognized authority that each government has, to control and restrict companies’ operations, by either offering support and encouragement or by implementing restrictions in the mode of expropriation, import restrictions (to protect their own industries), confiscation, domestication, price controls etc. It is then clearly understood, that the political environment places power on businesses and plays a great role in international companies’ operations and margin.    Indeed, ‘the ideal political conditions for a foreign firm is a stable and friendly government’ (Ghauri & Cateora, 2014: p.91). Both political climate and continuity of the set of rules established in a country are essential elements of the cultivation of good relations between companies and governments in a mutual beneficial and prosperous way. As Agawal & Feils (2007) suggest, ‘Political risk is highly relevant factor during the pre-entry and post-entry stages of the â€Å"process† model of internationalization.’ (p.166). Therefore, it is ideal for multinational companies to rely on stability to, sustainably, expand and invest. As mentioned, political changes have a great impact on the company’s decisions and marketing strategies. In fact, changes in the political scene have reflections into more factors than just trading policies. When a new government introduces import restrictions and trade tariffs, it affects the prices of goods, since companies trade expenses are increasing (Mor, 2017). In addition, additional border checks make the transport and distribution of commodities slower and more expensive. However, the introduction of tariffs is followed by a variety of non-tariff technical barriers, such as different product standards in labelling, packaging and safety (Mor, 2017). Combining all these together, it is obvious that not only are all four P’s in the marketing mix affected, but also the strategy which is designed by the marketers (Baines, Fill & Rosengren, 2017). Furthermore, apart from the impact to the global economy, political changes affect currency power. To be more precise, changes in governments which influence stock markets and trade, affect the value of the currency (Samson, Wigglesworth & Bullock, 2017), since its depreciation causes the equilibrium in trade to collapse (Melvin & Sultan,1990). Indeed, the value of each country’s currency affects the exchange rates followed by changes in import and export expenses, effecting the company’s competitiveness in foreign markets (Cox, Chu & Rodionova, 2017). Nevertheless, companies, in order to minimize the impact of the political uncertainty and risk, will reassess and readjust a great part of their international marketing strategy, which is thus how they enter the markets, choosing a safer path than the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Indeed, ‘the higher the degree of country risk, the greater the probability is that exporting (contractual agreement) rather than FDI as a market entry strategy will occur at the early (late) standardization phase.’ (Malhotra, Agarwal & Ulgado, 2003: p.19). In other words, FDI implies a ‘higher level of commitment’ (Keillor, Boller & Luke, 1998: p.2). Impact of political events in international marketing strategies Donald Trump Presidency One of the events that altered modern history is the election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the U.S. Donald Trump promised a series of political changes with effects extending to businesses and trade, such as reducing corporate taxes by 20%, investments in infrastructure, cutting the trade deficit to enhance job creation within the U.S and the creation of a ‘border tax’ for the companies that trade commodities outside the U.S to the U.S (BBC News, 2017). Trump’s aggressive political strategy, his order to withdraw the U.S from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, failure to effectively renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement, and establish fair trading relations with China, has reformed America’s marketing climate. International marketing will experience a great hit, since Trump’s strategy is basically introverted. Trump’s policy leans toward domestically-orientated companies which are expected to succeed in favour of higher economic growth and protectionist trade policies (Samson, Wigglesworth & Bullock, 2017). Trade between the U.S and international companies will be affected since trade restrictions will be imposed and renegotiations will change the way commodities are distributed inside and outside the U.S. Asia and Latin America will be affected the most, while tariffs could jeopardise the exporting of their goods to the U.S. Indeed, according to FXCM (2017), imposed tariffs in imports will pressure multinational companies to relocate production facilities and readjust the distribution channels. China will face the biggest threat since the U.S is the largest market for Chinese commodities; receiving 18% of China’s exports. There are winners and losers of Trump’s policies. In accordance to Milne (2016), pharmaceuticals such as Pfizez, oil & gas companies like Continental Resources are among the sectors that will benefit from Trump’s strategies based on his campaign. However, U.S carmakers who place their production outside the U.S such as GM, Cadillac, Ford and Japanese carmakers, are expected to be affected by the pricing strategies to foreign exchange rates. Furthermore, retailers and consumers will have a significant impact, since his policies will affect their expenses, trade agreement and supply chain; ‘could destroy the cross-border trade between the U.S and Mexico in high fructose corn syrup’ (Milne, 2016). To conclude, by imposing taxes and tariffs, standardization becomes adaption in the biggest world market and the domestically-oriented strategy affect the way marketers place and promote products in this market, insinuating changes in the marketing mix. Moreover, the U.S will affect the marketing strategy of international companies towards this market and they will put pressure to the potential entry of new companies. FDI is now a risk. By implementing new regulations and trades agreements international companies will observe a rise in their distribution expenses towards the U.S, affecting their margin. In order for these companies to survive in this market, they will have to increase prices which will pose a reduction to the consumption of their products, since natives will be attracted by domestic substitutes with lower prices, resulting in a possible loss of their competitive advantage (Milne, 2016). However, in order to maintain or minimize their profit decline, companies will ei ther try to negotiate with the U.S on their trading terms or in the worst-case scenario, costly relocate their activities and abandon this market. Brexit Within the scope of the biggest and most important referendum of modern history, British people voted for the U.K to leave the E.U, in an act that reflects that British people are not keen on accepting the migration tendency and people’s diversity (Czinkota, 2016). According to the same author, Brexit carries the burden of a future conflict within not only the E.U but also between the U.S, weakening their relationships. The importance of Britain’s businesses is reduced, while the British pound has reached its lowest level in the last 31 years (Market Inspector, 2017). As Brexit happened, the country fell into political uncertainty and turbulence. Financial Times (2016) proclaim that Britain is not ready to absorb the consequences of Brexit since the scene is still unclear. In the light of this uncertainty though, not only the U.K’s economy, but also businesses domestically and internationally are affected (Watts, 2017). The impact is great since, in accordance to Market Inspector (2017), exports will be affected if they leave the E.U without negotiating a new trade agreement-imposing tariffs-, resulting in a potential loss of U.K businesses’ competitive power in the E.U and global markets. Furthermore, the loss of access into the Single Market and higher trade tariffs will decrease the FDI flow in the U.K by 22%, a figure which may not be realistic due to the uncertainty of the future trading relations (Market Inspector, 2017). Based on Bowler (2017), the fall of the pound benefited the exporting activity, but it also made travel into international destinations less affordable for the British public, but more affordable for the inbound tourists. However, the worst impact of the pound’s decline was observed in terms of import expenses; a major factor in the U.K’s car industry and in the food and drinks sector (Cox, Chu & Rodionova, 2017). In addition to the general norm of Brexit, some companies already witnessed Brexit’s consequences and took premeasures in order to prepare for the upcoming changes, as depicted in the table below: Figure 1 : Companies Statements of Action in light of Brexit. (Source: Market Inspector, 2017) However, as suggested in Market Inspector (2017), despite the loss of negotiation power within the E.U, the U.K will possibly acquire more control over negotiation with countries outside the E.U, which will allow a fresh start for business deals with countries all over the world, exploring trades with China in a greater extent. By negotiating freely with other countries on its own terms, Britain can capitalize on new trading deals which will benefit international markets. The report produced by Irwin (2015) claims that Brexit exposed several countries in different magnitudes such as the Netherlands, Ireland, and Germany, due to their alignment with the U.K trading policies, while ‘export, supply chain, investment and policy interests of many large corporates would be adversely affected’ (p.39). Similarly to the situation in the U.S, international companies which operated using the U.K as their base or were relying on the U.K’s business economy and economic importance, now face threats and have to be proactive for the future. This implies that marketers should now adjust their strategies to be relevant to the future agreement that the U.K will have with Europe and the world in general. Adaptation is gaining ground since Britain’s referendum was a clear sign of a form of xenophobia and introversion (Czinkota, 2016). Since new trade deals will be imposed and new non-tariff technical agreements will be made (Mor, 2017), product’s place, promotion and price will change, consequently marketers have to readjust not only the new elements of the marketing mix to be effective and competitive, but also the way they enter the market, by reassessing exporting and the advantages of FDI. Conclusion To conclude, an analysis of the relation between politics and international marketing was conducted. Radical changes in the political scene can occur in the most stable governments and are translated in changes in the business world. Tariffs, taxes, boarder checks, non-tariff technical barriers and exchange rates imposed by the new governments according to their campaigns and beliefs, reflect in a business’s international marketing strategy, as the liberation of the markets is now being narrowed and limited. Adaption is gaining power over standardization and companies re-evaluate their strategies under the light of the political changes and the risk within them. The scene in the U.S and U.K is still uncertain, and this feeling is not welcomed by international companies which hunt markets with balance and stability in their internal and external policies, affecting the way and the means which a business chooses to operate within or with them. As the future is unclear, and sever al agreements are in stake, the world in on the edge of major changes in two of the biggest and most important markets. References: Agarwal J.  and  Feils D. (2007) Political risk and the internationalization of firms: An empirical study of Canadian-based export and FDI firms.  Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de lAdministration  24:3, 165-181. Baines, P., Fill, C. and Rosengren, S. (2017). Marketing. 4rth Edition, Oxford Press, ISBN:9780198748533, pp.1-135 BBC News. (2017).  Where Trump stands on key issues. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37468751 [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Bowler, T. (2017).  How has the economy fared since the Brexit vote? [online] BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-36956418 [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Cox, J., Chu, B. and Rodionova, Z. (2017).  Cost of Brexit: The impact on business and the economy so far.   [online] The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/brexit-economy-sterling-currency-investment-cost-impact-business-financial-banks-insurance-retail-a7695486.html [Accessed 12 Nov. 2017]. Czinkota, M. (2016).  How Marketers Can Ease Brexit and Other Isolationist Transitions. [online] American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketing Association. Available at: https://www.ama.org/publications/MarketingNews/Pages/how-marketers-ease-brexit-isolationist-transitions.aspx [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Financial Times. (2016).  Uncertainty will shape the UK economy in 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/fa8715c4-c843-11e6-9043-7e34c07b46ef [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Foster, P. (2016).  2016 in review: World events that changed history. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/31/2016-review-world-events-changed-history/ [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. FXCM (2017).  How Will President Trumps Policies Affect Trade And Economics? FXCM. [online] FXCM Insights. Available at: https://www.fxcm.com/insights/how-will-president-trumps-policies-affect-trade-and-economics/ [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Ghauri, P. and Cateora, P. (2014). International marketing. 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, pp.3-284. Irwin, G. (2015).  BREXIT: the impact on the UK and the EU. [online] Global Counsel. Available at: https://www.global-counsel.co.uk/sites/default/files/special-reports/downloads/Global%20Counsel_Impact_of_Brexit.pdf [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Keillor, B, Boller, G, & Luke, R 1998, Firm-Level Political Behavior and Level of Foreign Market Involvement: Implications for International Marketing Strategy, Journal of Marketing Management (10711988), 8, 1, pp. 1-11, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 November 2017. Kotler, P, Armstrong, G, Saunders, J, & Wong, V 1996, Principles Of Marketing, n.p.: London : Prentice Hall, 1996., SAULCAT, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 November 2017. Kotler, P, Armstrong, G, & Parment, A. (2011)  Principles Of Marketing. [Electronic Book], n.p.: Harlow, England: Pearson, 2011., SAULCAT, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 November 2017. Lindsay, J. (2016).  The 10 Most Significant World Events in 2016. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/12/ten-most-significant-world-events-in-2016/511079/ [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Theodosiou M., Leonidou C. (2003). Standardization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy: an integrative assessment of the empirical research In International Business Review, Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 141-171, ISSN 0969-5931, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00094-X. Market Inspector. (2017).  Impact of Brexit on Businesses in the UK | Market-Inspector. [online] Available at: https://www.market-inspector.co.uk/blog/2016/10/impact-of-brexit-on-businesses-in-the-uk [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Martin, W. (2017).  BARCLAYS: These 66 key events will shape European politics and economics in 2017. [online] Business Insider. Available at: http://uk.businessinsider.com/key-events-that-will-shape-european-politics-and-economics-in-2017-2017-1 [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Melvin, M, & Sultan, J. (1990). The Choice of an Invoicing Currency in International Trade and the Balance of Trade Impact of Currency Depreciation. Open economies review 1, no. 3, (accessed November 12, 2017). Milne, R. (2016).  Trump victory: corporate winners and losers. [online] Ft.com. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/8de13154-a677-11e6-8898-79a99e2a4de6 [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Mor, F. (2017).  Importance of trade with the EU for UK industries: Number 8065. [ebook] British Parliament. Available at: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-8065#fullreport [Accessed 12 Nov. 2017]. Malhotra K. N., Agarwal J., Ulgado M. F. (2003) Internationalization and Entry Modes: A Multitheoretical Framework and Research Propositions. Journal of International Marketing: Winter 2003, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.11.4.1.20144 Perry, B. (2017).  Evaluating Country Risk for International Investing. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/08/country-risk-for-international-investing.asp [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Samson, A., Wigglesworth, R. and Bullock, N. (2017).  Trump’s unexpected impact on markets in seven charts. 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Research Paper on Smoking Essay

Recently there has been an abundance of media coverage regarding a public’s â€Å"war of smoking.† Recently, Washington state has begun taking vital steps to prohibit smoking in public areas in order to make Washington a better place. There are many arguments about the smoking. The health issues for the smoker and those around them increase the prices and the social unaccepted of the act. Smoking is dangerous for smoker and for the one who is around the smoker. Firstly, smoking is dangerous for smoker, when smokers are smoking, will take lung cancer. The most common form of cancer diagnosed in United States is lung cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 14% out of all cancers, and 28% out of all cancer deaths. (ALA Lung cancer Fact Sheet) According to the American Lung Association, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or seven out of eight† (American Lung Association). Cigarette contains more than 400toxic and 4000 chemical compounds. Nicotine is the most addictive substance in tobacco. Smoking decreases the level of oxygen from reaching the tissues, giving rise to different health problems such as strokes, heart attacks or miscarriages. Nicotine is increases cholesterol levels in the body and carbon monoxide, which decreases the amount of oxygen within the body. When cholesterol level is increase in blood, increases the chance that a heart attack. Smoking also caused of chronic coughing, short ness of breath, premature aging, recurrent infections and reduced overall fitness (Diseases Caused by Smoking). Yang2 Another example of health issues originated from smoking is emphysema. The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in smoker’s lungs are damaged (The Lung Association). Emphysema does not develop suddenly, it comes very slowly. Years of exposure to cigarettes causes the development of emphysema. Secondly, smoking is also dangerous for non-smokers. Lung cancer is not only a trouble for the smoker, but it is also a trouble for the non-smokers. The indirect effect of smoking comes from two places; smokers breathe out from the other person smoking, and smoke from the end of a burning cigarette  (American Lung Association). The American Lung Association said, â€Å"Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer.†(The American Lung Association) When non-smokers are stay nearby smoker, they will get some harmful effects. Kinds of cough, nausea, headache, eye irritation, sore throat, dizziness even cancer. Workplaces alone could stop over 32,000 cancer deaths and over 75,000 heart disease deaths. According to the government, 83% of worker health complaints related to trouble with indoor air quality will decrease when workplaces become smoke-free. Constant exposure to tobacco smoke in the workplace nearly doubles the risk of having a hea rt attack. Thirdly, prices of cigarettes have been going through a dramatic increase recently. The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking (Higher Cigarette taxes). According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults (Tobacco Free Kids). These studies show that every 10% increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (Tobacco free Kids). If cigarette prices were increased 10% per pack throughout the country, it would decrease the number of teenagers who become regular smokers by more than a million, saving teenager from dependence, disease and death. Studies also show that people with low income are ones that respond to the increase of prices and end up quit smoking. It is proven that smoking levels are highest among people with low incomes. Lastly, former day, people could hardly find any places without someone smoking there. Now it is prohibited to smoke in public places in many countries. While the number of smokers is increasing, the number of places they can smoke is declining. Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free (U.s. Environmental). A poll conducted by Washington state today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants  that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free (Research about cigarette). Everyone is at risk for diseases caused from smoking when they are in public places that are not smoke-free. Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (U.s. Environmental). There is no real evidence that proves going smoke-free is bad for the business. In fact, there are many positive outcomes when a business adopts s moke-free policy. For example, maintenance cost decreases when smoke, matches, and cigarette butts are eliminated in places. Also, hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, people’s health is freed from danger (Higher Cigarette taxes). In result, many people have different opinions about smoking. There are many characteristic proving smoke-free places are beneficial for many reasons. The government is also trying different methods to induce people to stop smoking. The great increase in cigarette prices is the main one. They figure that this will stop people not to even start smoking. Many businesses today are changing what was used to be normal in a public area: smoking. Smoke free businesses are becoming more and more common. There is no real evidence that shows that adopting smoke-free policy is harmful to businesses. It helps out the business in many areas such as maintenance. People have different opinions, but researchers prove that smoke-free public areas are good for other people’s health, not just smokers’ health. Eventually one day the society will be 100% smoke free. BIBLOIGRAPHY American Lung Association, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer deaths, or seven out of eight† (http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/health-effects/smoking.html) The American Lung Association said, â€Å"Indirect smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals; 200 are poisons and 43 cause of cancer ( http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/facts-figures/general-smoking-facts.html) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indirect smoking is known as the cause of cancer (http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/healtheffects.html) The Lung Association states that when one has emphysema, some of the air sacs in his lungs are damaged (http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/emphysema/) The government thinks that the increase of price will protect or even get people to quit smoking, The increase of price will make them think two times about smoking. Quitting will save them money and reduce their financial needs (http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/health-of-the-public/20090303smoke-tax.html) According to several studies the increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults, These studies show that every 10 percent increase in the price of cigarettes will decrease total cigarette consumption by three to five percent and decrease teenager smoking by about 7% (http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/what_we_do/federal_issues/federal_tobacco_taxes/) Yang6 The increase of cigarette taxes is one of the most effective ways to decrease smoking among teenager and adults(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539350/) Many provinces across Canada as well as the Washington states are making it a law that all restaurants and public areas have to be 100% smoke free(http://www.city-data.com/forum/politics-other-controversies/99626-positive-effects-non-smoking.html) A poll conducted by Washington states today shows that 70 % of participates preferred restaurants that were smoke-free. Over the after 45 years, smoke-free(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9791529) Even with all the evidences that prove the dangers of smoking, some businesses still look down on banning this behavior (http://www.davehitt.com/facts/banlinksarchive2.html) Hardware such as equipments, floors, and furniture last longer, and of course, people’s health is freed from danger (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/10/tech/main6194761.shtml)

watashiwa Essay - 1713 Words

Chapter I The Problem and Its Scope There was a time when cheating was rare in schools, but today the whole â€Å"importance of learning† aspect has been eliminated. Instead, everyone is focused on making the top ten percent of their class or being valedictorian and we seem to have forgotten school’s purpose. School exists so that we will be educated, not so everyone can cheat their way into being successful. Education, which has become vital for the survival for any civilization must be dealt with care and dexterity as his education later mould the personality of a person who dwells among millions of people and can influence their lives. The 21st century has highlighted the need of the reforms so that a normal human†¦show more content†¦And generations of research has shown that a major factor in unethical behaviour is simply how easy or hard it is. A recent study by Jeffrey A. Roberts and David M. Wasieleski at Duquesne University found that the more online tools college students were allowed to use to complete an assignment, the more likely they were to copy the work of others. The Internet has changed attitudes, as a world of instant downloading, searching, cutting and pasting has loosened some ideas of ownership and authorship. An increased emphasis on having students work in teams may also have played a role. â€Å"Students are surprisingly unclear about what constitutes plagiarism or cheating,† said Mr. Wasieleski, an associate professor of management. Howard Gardner, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said that over the 20 years he has studied professional and academic integrity, â€Å"the ethical muscles have atrophied,† in part because of a culture that exalts success, however it is attained. He said the attitude he has found among students at elite colleges is: â€Å"We want to be famous and successful, we think our colleagues are cutting corners, we’ll be damned if we’ll lose out to them, and some day, when we’ve made it, we’ll be role models. But until then, give us a pass.† Numerous projects and research studies have shown that frequently reinforcing standards, to both students and teachers, can lessen

Macroeconomics Exercise - 6133 Words

Questions in macroeconomics Instructor: MA. Bui Huy Khoi Chapter 1 What is economics? Top of Form [pic] Question 1 Resources in an economy: a) Are always fixed b) Can never decrease c) Always increase over time d) Are limited at any moment in time [pic] Question 2 Human wants are: a) Always fixed ) Limited c) Unlimited d) Likely to decrease over time [pic] Question 3 The sacrifice involved when you choose a particular course of action is called the: a) Alternative b) Opportunity cost c) Consumer cost d) Producer cost [pic] Question 4 Which of the following is not one of the basic economic questions? a) What to†¦show more content†¦Capital [pic] Question 8 The resources in an economy are: a) Constantly increasing b) Fixed at any moment c) Constantly decreasing d) Able to be transferred easily between industries [pic] Question 9 Any combination of products inside the production possibility frontier is: a) Allocatively inefficient b) X inefficient c) Consumer inefficient d) Productively inefficient [pic] Question 10 An outward shift of the production possibility frontier may be caused by: a) An increase in demand b) More government spending c) Better training of employees d) Productive inefficiency Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form Chapter 2: National income and the standard of living Top of Form [pic] Question 1 Gross National Product equals: a) Net National Product adjusted for inflation b) Gross Domestic Product adjusted for inflation c) Gross Domestic Product plus net property income from abroad d) Net National Product plus net property income from abroad [pic] Question 2 Net National Product equals: a) Gross National Product adjusted for inflation b) Gross Domestic Product adjusted for inflation c) Gross Domestic Product plus net property income from abroad d) Gross National Product minus depreciation [pic] Question 3 The standard of living is often measured by: a)Show MoreRelatedEcon 2301 Study Guide1079 Words   |  5 PagesECON 2301: Principles of Macroeconomics Hennessy ECON 2301 Principles of Macroeconomics Time: Th 7:05 pm – 9:45 pm Synonym: 40512 Section: 023 Room: NRG2 2120 Instructor: Gregory Hennessy Office: NRG PB3 Hours: Th 6:30 pm – 7:00 pm Th 9:45 pm – 10:15 pm And by appointment Phone: Email: Course Description Principles of Macroeconomics deals with consumers as a whole, producers as a whole, the effects of government spending and taxation policies, and the effects of the monetary policy carriedRead MoreEssay about Divisions of The Field of Economics1407 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics is the science that permits you to assess your companys position in the business cycle as needed. 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