Financial Ratio Analysis

Question: Talk about the proportions and different counts with regards to the companys benefit, proficiency, liquidity, outfitting (influence) and venture execution. Answer: Gainfulness Ratios Two of the most significant proportions of Billabongs gainfulness are return on resources and profit for value. Profit for Assets Profit for Assets (ROA) of Billabong will quantify how viably the organization's advantages are being utilized for creating its net benefits. This helpful measure furnishes Billabongs examination regarding its serious presentation. Recipe This proportion is determined by separating overall gain by normal all out resources. Profit for Equity Profit for Equity (ROE) of Billabong will gauge the net return per dollar which the normal investors put resources into the firm, (Baker Riddick, 2013). Equation This proportion is determined by partitioning total compensation by investor's value. It ought to be noticed that the gainfulness proportions are gotten from the Billabongs pay articulation. Subsequently, these measures exhibit the companys intermittent execution, covering the period as announced in its pay explanation, (Taylor, 2013). Resource Utilization Ratios These proportions will give the administrations proportion of control as the proportions give direction to basic components worried about the utilization of the Billabong's benefits, stock and assortment of records receivable in the companys everyday tasks, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). All out Asset Turnover (TAT) The TAT shows that Billabong has been utilizing its advantages beneficially throughout the year. Despite the fact that there is no significant change in the incentive somewhere in the range of 2014 and 2015 in the estimation of this proportion, such a circumstance additionally implies, that the administration had a powerful authority over resource turnover, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Equation This proportion is determined by partitioning net deals by normal all out resources. Fixed Asset Turnover (FAT) Billabong has been utilizing its fixed resources, including its plant and hardware and has exhibited that these are all the more suitably used for direct creation alongside the present resources, which incorporate money and records receivable, thus numerous examiners would be empowered for suggesting the organization in light of the companys this proportion of adequacy, (Keown et al, 2012). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating net deals by normal all out fixed resources. Stock Turnover Cost of merchandise sold (COGS) is gotten from the companys pay articulation and it demonstrates those costs which are credited to creation of the products and which are sold during the predetermined period and stock is an appeared as a present resource on the monetary record. The reason for this measure is to perceive how frequently Billabong is using its stock to advance its deals during the predefined period, (Keown et al, 2012). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating the expense of merchandise sold for a particular period by the normal stock for a similar period. Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) This is one basic proportion, additionally named as Accounts Receivable Turnover proportion, which the administration of Billabong must screen all the time. This proportion additionally mirrors the normal assortment time of the organization for its obligations. A littler DSO implies that the administration of Billabong has a tight authority over its business sectors and is productive in dealing with the assets of the investors, (Yona, 2011). Recipe Records receivable turnover is determined by separating the net credit deals for a particular period by the normal records receivable for that period. Influence Ratios Influence proportions give proportion of Billabong's utilization of obligation financing. This is the motivation behind why experts utilize these broadly to show up at choices for suggesting new credit or expansion of a current credit plan. Since the utilization of obligation financing can build the hazard factor of the organization, administrations and leasers should screen the extra hazard continually regarding obtaining of cash by the organization and furthermore observe the expanded open doors which the new capital will give, (Yona, 2011). Absolute Debt Ratio The above conversation is significant as any organization has just two different ways of financing the securing of an advantage either through obtained reserves or by using reserves produced from inner activities or by selling stock in the market. Billabongs obligation proportion of 65% implies that, for each dollar of benefits which Billabong has, 65 pennies are financed with obligation money, (Mudra, 2014). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating complete liabilities by all out resources. Long haul Debt Ratio On a similar premise as over, a few loan bosses may likewise concentrate on Billabong's utilization of long haul obligations. This can be resolved as it fuses a little variety in the all out obligation proportion, by consolidating long haul liabilities in the numerator. Obligation to-Equity Ratio The obligation to-value proportion of 185% for Billabong implies that for every dollar of itsequity, the organization has 1.85 dollars of obligation financing. The obligation to value proportion is an accounting report proportion as all the components are appeared in a critical position sheet, (Mudra, 2014). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating all out liabilities by complete value. Two other influence proportions of Billabong are critical for the organization's banks and these are the occasions premium earned and the fixed-charge inclusion proportions. These two proportions help the investigators in estimating the organization's capacity to meet its on-going responsibilities in overhauling the obligations which it had acquired beforehand, (Taylor, 2013). Times Interest Earned The occasions premium earned (TIE) proportion on account of Billabong has demonstrated a decay from 5.62 in 2014 to 4.10 in 2015. Be that as it may, it is as yet a solid marker that the companys working benefits during the ongoing time frame likewise surpassed the all out intrigue costs by 410 percent. From the investigators perspective, the higher this proportion goes, the more will be Billabong viewed as solid monetarily, (Taylor, 2013). Equation This proportion is determined by isolating salary before intrigue and annual charges by the intrigue cost. Fixed Charge Coverage On a similar premise as the time premium earned proportion, this fixed charge inclusion proportion, which is likewise named as the obligation administration inclusion proportion, considers all the normal intermittent commitments of the organization for a given period. Recipe This proportion begins with the occasions earned premium proportion and includes material fixed expenses. Liquidity Ratios The liquidity proportions are those measures which demonstrate the organization's capacity in reimbursing its transient obligation commitments. Current liabilities speak to just those commitments which are required to be settled in one year or less, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Current Ratio This proportion analyzes the present resources held by Billabong in contrast with its present liabilities. Recipe This proportion is determined by separating current resources by current liabilities. Fast proportion Investigators accept that the financial meaning of liquidity for an organization is its capacity to transform a benefit into money at or close to the honest evaluation of the advantage. Since stock can't be effectively sold, it isn't viewed as ready to meet any momentary commitments. By barring inventories, this proportion gives an increasingly severe liquidity proportion of the organization when contrasted with the present proportion, (Greuning, Scott Terblanche, 2011). Recipe This proportion is determined by including money, money reciprocals, transient ventures, and current receivables together at that point partitioning them by current liabilities. Market Value Ratios Financial specialists and administrations are keen available proportions, which can be utilized in esteeming Billabong's normal stock. Value/Earnings Ratio This proportion, which is all around known as the PE Ratio, has been the most broadly cited measurable proportion which concerns an organization's normal stock, (Yona, 2011). Recipe This proportion is determined by separating the market esteem cost per share by theearnings per share. Market-to-book Ratio This proportion is another related measure, regularly utilized alongside the PE Ratio, for stock valuation purposes by investigators. A large portion of the financial specialists might want to look at Billabongs current cost of the regular stock with the companys book estimation of stock. Such a measure is named as the value/book proportion. On the off chance that the proportion is more prominent than one and this is the thing that happens to be the situation for dominant part of stocks, at that point the investigators accept that the companys stock is exchanging including some built-in costs when contrasted with its book esteem, (Baker Riddick, 2013). Rundown Of References Dough puncher, H.K. furthermore, Riddick, L.A. (2013) International Finance: A Survey. Oxford: OUP USA. Greuning, H., Scott, D. also, Terblanche, S. (2011) International Financial Reporting Standards: A Practical Guide. Washington DC: World Bank Publications. Keown, A.J., Martin, J.D., Petty, J.W. what's more, Scott, D.F. (2012) Financial Management: Principles and Applications (tenth ed). New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Mudra, J. (2014) International Financial Management (twelfth ed). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Taylor, M.P. (2013) Purchasing Power Parity and Real Exchange Rates. Oxon: Routledge Yona, L. (2011) International Finance for Developing Countries. Keynes: AuthorHouse.

Market Entry Plan Essay

The Aluminum advertise in Europe doesn't have a decent possibility to be extended. Alcoa guaranteed that it will close down the production line in Portovesme, Italy, and diminish the yield of the processing plant in Spain. This is on the grounds that Alcoa and European commission have contended for the force gracefully contract for quite a while. Besides, the European obligation emergency prompted a discouraged economy. In this manner, Alcoa chose to turn its market out of Europe and afterward begin to search for other oversea markets. Despite the fact that, Africa is perhaps the least fortunate landmass of the world, in certain nations, for example, Mozambique, the economy has been developing consistently. From this imminent, we prescribe Alcoa to open up the market in Mozambique, South Africa. We led the exploration dependent on sources from on-line assets. Our proposition centers around breaking down the activity of Alcoa and the chance of another market. 2. About Alcoa is the world’s most well known maker of aluminum and created aluminum, and it is the greatest digger of bauxite and purifier of alumina. Alcoa has more than 61,000 representatives and more than 200 areas in 31 nations. Alcoa not just gives hard composite expulsions, forgings, Alcoaâ ® wheels, yet in addition has its mastery in other light metals. The deals of Alcoa were $25 billion of every 2011. 2. 1 Brief History Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa Inc. ) has 120-years’ history. During the 1920’s, Alcoa hoarded aluminum creation in North America and delivered in excess of 63 percent of the world yield. Toward the finish of World War I, Alcoa delivered exorbitant limit, particularly for regular citizen employments. In any case, the war made Alcoa understand that it was essential to improve the nature of item, and Alcoa put more cash in innovative work. In 1925, Alcoa entered the main outer market, Canada, and it held over a large portion of the rimary aluminum on the planet. In 1958, Alcoa began the primary major abroad mine-to-metal endeavor in Suriname. After the fruitful endeavor in Suriname, Alcoa chose to grow the seaward endeavors. In 1960s, Alcoa created tasks in Australia and Brazil. Simultaneously, Alcoa drove the methodology to concentrate on business land development and manufactured items. The Easy-O pen aluminum innovation made Alcoa hold a huge level of the canned brew advertise. In the 1970’s, Alcoa persistently extended the abroad market and utilized mathematic demonstrating to control the creation. In the 1980’s and the 1990’s, Alcoa concentrated on delivering non-aluminum items and was worried about wellbeing. From 2000 to introduce, Alcoa has made vital mergers and acquisitions, for example, Alumax, Reynolds. 2. 2 Business Operation Alcoa Business System (ABS) is the center used to oversee Alcoa organizations. Here are its three standards: ?Make to Use The primary guideline depends on customers’ will and request, for example, single-piece creation, on request; deformity free, at the most reduced conceivable cost, made securely. ?Kill Waste The subsequent guideline targets uncovering and taking care of issues and spotlights on cost cutting and cost sparing during all their assembling and business forms. ?The People Linchpin the System The third guideline is worried about making on condition which fulfills individuals. Additionally, Alcoa attempts to recognize and take care of issues, and connection to their progress from â€Å"make to inventory† to â€Å"make to use†. 2. 3 Product Scope Alcoa produces different items, for example, level moved items, hard compound expulsions, and forgings; just as Alcoaâ ® wheels, affixing frameworks, and exactness. Here are some significant results of Alcoa: ?Aerospace Alcoa is the world chief in single-precious stone innovation for cutting edge castings that withstand the extraordinary temperatures of clean-consuming air motors. ?Car Alcoa constructs a superior vehicle, truck, trailer or vessel. The explanation behind this is utilizing more aluminum to diminish the general load of the vehicle, which altogether decreases ozone depleting substance emanations. ?Building and Construction Alcoa has consistently offered extraordinary favorable circumstances for planning the shape, appearance and manageability of present day structures. These new aluminum segments can accomplish green structure guidelines. Alcoa likewise gives elite glass, which takes into account productive light control, lower vitality utilization, erosion obstruction and resistance from the destructive impacts of UV beams. ?Bundling Aluminum bundling arrangements convey newness, accommodation, and security for food, drinks and different items. For instance, the aluminum bottle offers premium, top of the line bundling choices. 2. 4 Targeted Market According to the measurements, Asia, North America and Western Europe are the best three aluminum utilization regions on the planet. In Asian district, for example, China, Korea and India, these creating nations have an expanding interest for aluminum. Nonetheless, the aggregate sum of aluminum expended in America, Canada and Japan encountered a descending pattern. Now, Alcoa’s target market should give more consideration to China and India. Plus, in spite of the fact that Africa is supplied with regular assets, aluminum assets have no industrially abused worth. In this way, all the delivering crude materials are subject to imports from remote nations in South Africa. As it were, Africa is for the most part delivering essential and auxiliary aluminum items. Accordingly, if Alcoa sends out different types of aluminum items to Africa, Alcoa will increase a gigantic benefit. Figure 1: Target Market of Alcoa 2. 5 Strength and Weakness Alcoa is the world’s biggest excavator of bauxite and purifier of alumina. Likewise, it has a long history begun in 1888 so the organization is a specialist in organization and delivering. Also, Alcoa is the main maker of essential aluminum and created aluminum everywhere throughout the world. Alcoa has gotten numerous records and cooperative attitude, for example, 100 Best Corporate Citizens 2012â€Corporate Responsibility Magazine. In addition, propelled methods and unremitting exertion in advancement make its items and administrations assume a significant job in the aluminum showcase. Be that as it may, Alcoa is confronted with the issue of contamination. For instance, Alcoa’s contaminations made the inhabitants who lived six kilometers from the manufacturing plants become ill. Subsequently, Alcoa was rebuffed by the administration in Australia. 3. New Oversea Market: Mozambique Located in Southeast Africa, circumscribed by the Indian Ocean toward the east, Mozambique is probably the most unfortunate nation on the planet. Mozambique is bounteous in rich and broad common assets, and its economy depends to a great extent on horticulture. Today, the economy is becoming quick in Mozambique, and the created legitimate framework causes Mozambique to turn into an expectation in this poor landmass. We prescribe Alcoa to enter this market, in view of the prosperous improvement of Mozambique. 3. 1 Economy in Mozambique is in the most unfortunate district in the least fortunate mainland of the world, Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, it was considered as the second least fortunate nation, with a for each capita GDP underneath the African normal. 4 percent of the number of inhabitants in Mozambique was beneath the destitution line in 2008. Be that as it may, monetary development in Mozambique has been solid since the country’s common war finished in 1992, and it has risen as one of the fasted developing economies. Since 1996, financial development has been steady; the monetary development rate was around 6. 2 percent in 2009. The expansion rate has been around its most reduced level in 10 years. Likewise, the genuine pay developed quickly, and it significantly increased around the same time. In addition, the genuine salary has developed by 14 percent in 2001 and 11 percent in 2002. Be that as it may, Zimbabwe, a neighboring nation, has declined 8 percent in 2001 and 6 percent in 2002. Right now, increasingly outside firms have put resources into Mozambique, and these organizations are for the most part in the aluminum business and mining industry. The outside ventures can appreciate charge benefits in Mozambique. In 2010, UK sent out around 112 million pounds to Mozambique with imports at very nearly 78 million pounds. A British mining bunch has contributed 1. 3 billion dollars in the nation, which secured aluminum industry, the travel industry, and it prompts a lot of outside trade. The enormous towns and urban communities have been advanced by the impact of outside venture; nonetheless, the impact doesn't have any significant bearing to the provincial zone in Mozambique. We can construe that the economy in Mozambique is the expectation of this district, contrasting with other nation in Sub-Saharan Africa. 3. 2 Political System in Mozambique During the common war, the legislative issues and economy were disturbed. Since the finish of the common war, the political circumstance in Mozambique has been steady. The legislature is resolved to keep up national solidarity, and actualizes proper and sober minded politic arrangement. Mozambique held the principal fair races on October 1994, under universal investigation. Albeit some impediment exists, for instance, the appointive procedure was boycotted in city races in 1998; this political decision framework can assist the electorate with expressing their will. Mozambique currently has built up a chosen majority rule government, which offers ascend to a solid legitimate framework. Additionally, a great legitimate framework ensures private property and gives motivation to individuals to contribute and create by both residential and outside financial specialists. 3. 3 International Relationship Mozambique has close relations with its in the past British-administered neighbors in Africa, in light of the fact that these nations shared experience that battled contrary to white principle. This prompted Mozambique joining the Commonwealth in 1995. Mozambique additionally dispatched troops to add to the United Nations, helping them in peacekeeping issues in Burundi, and partook in South African Development Community peacekeeping preparing and arranging. 3. 4 Aluminum industry in Mozambique 3. 4. 1 Brief Introduction of the Market Alcoa is situated in 31 nations everywhere throughout the world. Be that as it may, it is just situated in two nations in Africa: Morocco and Guinea. To fire up another business in Africa I

What Ive Been Up To

What I’ve Been Up To Hey all! I havent been around this site in months, and rather than giving you a large, apologetic explanation which would do nothing to redeem myself to you applicants and prefroshers and even preapplicants out there, Im going to go right in and cover everything interesting Ive seen here. Since like November. Well, fine, one sentence: I ended up failing the physics test which I took the day after my last post, and then averaged 2-4 hours of sleep after that until finals week. Then I ran away and could not bring myself to do anything that would require thought over break. But I ended up passing all of my classes, went on an IAP trip to Death Valley and Southern California for eight days for CREDIT, took a class called the Nuts and Bolts of Engineering in case I, yknow, decide to start a business now Im ready to WRITE!!!! (If you want to see the rather long list of things I did rather, watched instead of writing this over IAP, Ive shamelessly put them at the end of this post. Mostly in the anime/asian drama category. Seriously, I wrote this post half a month ago, and I couldnt get myself to edit it. But now Im switching from IAP mode to work mode!) Let me start with the fun stuff then lessons learned at IAP. #1 Cambridge and Boston are meant to be explored. #2 Exercise and sleep are corequisites to sanity. #3 It is possible to go from doing everything to doing what feels like almost absolutely nothing almost immediately. Maybe not for everyone. Some people never stop working. Or they work and party at the same time. But at least for yours truly this holds. So 1 and 2 I biked to this cafe in Central Square called the Clear Conscience Cafe, which is right in front of this supermarket called the Harvest Market. Theyre like the same place! You can get your groceries and sit down to have lunch at like the same place! I could spend all day there using their free wifi and eating their hummus sandwiches! And Oh, and when I had to go home for a weekend I walked from MIT to the South Station bus terminal. Went through Newbury Street. It was FREEZING. I finally got a chance to warm up and get food when I went through Chinatown and found this Vegan Thai Place. Vegan fried rice! With vegan chicken and shrimp too! Vegan BUBBLE TEA! Sorry I couldnt have taken one of the whole thing I was, um, thirsty ;) Its made with coconut milk! (Taro flavored =D) Yumm And just this weekend (post-IAP) I biked all the way to Allston (about 40-50 minutes away by bike) to go to a Vegan Bake Sale for Haiti. Best idea EVER! And best vegan cookies and biscotti EVER! They disappeared before I could charge my camera! Now Im biking to Harvard for this class (non-credit) called Reading and Study Strategies, which meets from 8-9 AM at the Harvard Science Center. Speaking of which, its today and its 1 AM now ANYWAY. I forgot to include pictures from 12.120, Environmental Earth Science Field Course, where we saw Hoover Dam, petroglyphs, signs of ancient volcanic and tectonic activity including this HUGE landslide that took us like 15 minutes to drive from the start to the end and 20 to drive through its width Yay red sandstone! This is on our way to the Valley of Fire, named as such because of rocks like these, where we saw petroglyphs! If I find a pic Ill put it up A petrified log! Because Im too lazy to explain what it is. On the edge of the Ubihibi crater in Death Valley. Guy in the sign: WHEEEEEEEEEEEE!!!!!!!! At the lowest point on land in North America, Lake Badwater. Mostly salt. Thats the way to MIT? Or near there? Ready, set, go! So here are some of the other things Ive done (read: watched) when I had free time: Anime/manga: Ergo Proxy, didnt really finish many but tried some more serious/dark ones like Saikano, also Clannad which isnt really dark, but Clannad 2 looked wayyy too sad for me oh and a pretty good death note fanfic! Dramas: Watched Youre Beautiful and rewatched the first half with my cousin from Puerto Rico =D Actually ended up not liking it so much by the end, perhaps because I didnt really like the main guy obnoxious guys usually change by the end of a series but for this one he was still obnoxious Love Contract I thought with Ariel Lin and Mike He in it this would be a surefire hit, but while the middle was amazing the beginning and end were not so much. But geez, compare Mike in this more serious one to a lighter show like Devil Beside You or Why Why Love hes quite versatile! Autumns Concerto (a taiwanese drama which is frustratingly long, annoying, nothing surprising except the fact that it takes like 20 EPISODES for something that should have happened on episode 6 to happen but the first five eps were good =D) Hi My Sweetheart (I prefer more serious dramas, but many dramas have some form of ridiculousness meh, maybe I just wanted the guy to keep his cool hairdo at the end) Btw if youve seen Hi My Sweetheart, or even if you havent want to know what who this guy is? Hes the guy from THIS music video! All right, stay posted for spring-term adventures (and perhaps some academic stuff) next week!

The Progressive Era And The New Deal - 1103 Words

Despite existing during two different times in the history of the United States, it can be argued that the New Deal reforms reflected the reform traditions of the Progressive Era. When examining the New Deal, Progressive influence is evident based first off of the social and political issues addressed by reforms. Second, the reforms from the two times themselves are uncannily similar, again due to the focus on the same problems existing in the United States. In addition to this, the icing on the cake is found when examining President Roosevelt’s administration during the New Deal, a majority of which were intelligent Progressive reformers during the Progressive Era. Because of this, the New Deal reflected the reform traditions of the†¦show more content†¦Despite having differentiating reasons behind their reforms, the New Deal and the Progressive Era focused on the same issues, which is evident in the similarity of their reforms. As we already know from the aforementi oned information, both the Progressive Era and New Deal had a focus on similar issues, specifically the rights of laborers, the improvement and expansion of public facilities, and the limitations of corporate power. Reforms during the Progressive era reflected these values, as seen in the work accomplished by Samuel Jones, President Taft, and President Wilson. Jones, a Progressive mayor in Toledo, Ohio â€Å"†¦founded night schools and free kindergartens, built new parks, and supported the right of workers to unionize† (Give Me Liberty 699) in an effort to improve public resources. President Taft - one of the presidents during the Progressive era - implemented antitrust laws which attacked corporations’ influence by limiting the power of the wealthy, either through taxation or prosecution of antitrust violators. 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The Universal Truths on the Epic of Gilgamesh and the...

Christopher Gilchrist Professor Ms. Alyse W. Jones World Literature I - English 2111 October 7, 2012 The Universal Truths on ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh amp; The Hebrew Bible’ The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible are considered by their audiences’ as two of the greatest literary works of ancient literature. The universal truths on The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Hebrew Bible, are most fundamental when viewed from both the contemporary and traditional audiences. Fundamentally, both audiences develop their own universal truths during the time in which the events transpired or by reading the scenic events from an anthology or other literary works. Most importantly, both literary works have sought the attention of their†¦show more content†¦For example, in The Epic of Gilgamesh, â€Å"A snake caught the scent of the plant, Stealthily it came up and carried the plant away, On its way back it shed its skin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.For myself I have obtained no benefit, I have done a good deed for a reptile (Sec. 11, 307 – 317).† This excerpt conveys to its audience Gilgamesh’s thought process at the pinnacle of the story. We, as the audience, now realize that Gilgamesh has finally accepted that death is inevitable. The inevitability of death also played a major role in The Hebrew Bible. For example, â€Å"And the woman said, ‘The serpent beguiled me and I ate, etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.And to the human He said, for dust you are and to dust shall you return’ (Genesis – Sec. 3, pg. 160 – 161).† As a result of mankind’s disobedience to God’s authority, the human population was cursed with the inevitability of death for all generations. There will always be philosophical interpretations that will create universal truths for many generations to come. In addition, these literary works enriches the audiences’ understanding of these texts as supremely important cultural and historical documents, for audiences who embrace their universal truths. Both generational audiences’ spiritual interpretations seemed to have, collectively, developed a text of extraordinary literary works that are overflowing with philosophical and truth-seeking richness. Work Cited â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh.† The Norton Anthology WorldShow MoreRelatedThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesand agricultural land led to incessant warfare, and in time, stronger towns and leagues formed kingdoms. The people who occupied northern Mesopotamia and Syria spoke mostly Semitic languages (that is, languages in the same family as Arabic and Hebrew). Many of these Semitic peoples absorbed aspects of Sumerian culture, especially writing. The Mesopotamians believed that the large city of Kish, in northern Babylonia, had history’s first kings. In the east, a people known as the Akkadians established

The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1 Free Essays

The Kite Runner Chapter Review of Narrative Aspects Chapter 1; It is December 2001, and our narrator, recalls an event that occurred in 1975, when he was twelve years old and growing up in Afghanistan. He doesn’t say what happened, but says it made him who he is. He follows this recollection by telling us about a call he received last summer from a friend in Pakistan, Rahim Khan. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rahim Khan asks Amir, to come to Pakistan to see him. When Amir gets off the phone, he takes a walk through San Francisco, where he lives now. He notices kites flying, and thinks of his past, including his friend Hassan. Narrative aspects: Narrative voice: 1st person narrative, ‘I became what I am today’ – Amir tells us a story about his past, and what he remembers, from his point of view. Indirect speech, ‘I thought about something Rahim Khan said†¦. There is a way to be good again. ’ – it doesn’t let the reader make a relationship with the other character, as this chapter is all about Amir. Setting: Introduces the alley almost straight away, ‘I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years’ – it gives us a mysterious setting, and the alley becomes a key symbol of misdeeds in the novel. Talks about where he is while telling the story, ‘like a pair of eyes looking down on San Francisco. ’ – gives us a brief idea of where he is and wants us to find out why he is there, as it also talks about Afghanistan and Pakistan. Structure: the repetition of kites, ‘saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. ’ ‘twin kites. ’ – significant because it sticks in a reader’s brain as they try to work out how the kites may be significant in the rest of the novel. Which they find out they are. Also ‘twin kites’ can refer to Hassan and Amir, as they are brothers and the last kite they ran together made their friendship fall apart. Non- linear, it talks about different points of his life in a very short amount of time, because he is ooking back on his life as well as telling the reader what is happening in his life while he is telling the story. Form: Monologue, speaks in broken language, almost like in his thoughts he can’t put in words what he is thinking and what he remembers, ‘I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. ’- it gives the reader an impression that there is a lo t to find out about Amir. Retrospective Narrative, he is looking back on his past, and the opening chapter makes us curious about what will happen next. How to cite The Kite Runner Chapter Review (Narrative Aspects) Chapter 1, Essays

Polypropylene Fibers Essays - Building Materials,

Polypropylene Fibers According to major supplies, "Use of synthetic fibers for reinforcing concrete is continuously, increasing. The increase has been considerable since 1980, but slowed somewhat in 1990, a year of substantial construction cutbacks. Apparently the construction community believes there are advantages in the use of synthetic fibers in concrete." (Schupack) Synthetic fibers are used to improve crack control in concrete. Some reports say that synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) would replace welded wire fabric in many slab-on-grade applications. But in reality if the welded wire fabric is placed properly it controls crack width better than the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete. In a case study of the use of synthetic fibers in reinforced concrete, the following conclusions were obtained. No matter what concrete placing job is being done, there is no substitute for good concrete practices. The use of a low fiber volume mix will help control plastic shrinkage cracks and bleeding, but not give good cracking control once the crack forms. The synthetic fibers running through a crack have a poor bond providing no shear friction. Impact and toughness tests on synthetic fiber reinforced concrete imply less edge spalling will occur. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) conducted two studies on polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, one dealing with plastic shrinkage cracking and the other on permeability characteristics. Plastic shrinkage cracking occurs when the surface water on the concrete evaporates faster than the bleed water reaches the surface of the concrete. It was determined by the plastic shrinking cracking study that polypropylene fibers helped reduce the total plastic shrinkage crack area on test panels. Also determined is that the screeding rate affects the total crack area in polypropylene reinforced concrete, while finishing operations showed no significant effects. This study also suggests the use of longer fibers (about 0.75in.) will produce less crack area. "Permeability plays an important role in long-term durability of concrete materials. Permeability of concrete generally refers to the rate at which particular aggressive substances (water, sulfates, chloride ions, etc.) can flow through the concrete." (Soroushian) As discussed in the plastic shrinkage study that polypropylene fibers reduce cracking. Less cracking in the concrete surface that surface would be less permeable. In the permeability study, they concentrated on the effects of chloride and the permeability of the concrete. The results of this study concluded polypropylene fibers had little effects on chloride permeability of concrete. The polypropylene fibers only help reduce plastic shrinkage cracks. In residential construction, polypropylene fibers have been in use since the mid-to-late 1970s. Polypropylene fibers are used for their high tensile strength and low cost. These fibers fit into two categories, for early plastic shrinkage and for improved long-term crack control. One of the first residential applications of polypropylene fibers was in western Pennsylvania, in March of 1979. Fibers were used in all the flat work of the residence. Polypropylene fibers have gained acceptance by residential home builders due to its flexibility and its ability to conform to forms. Home builders say polypropylene fibers help them sell more concrete by reducing the potential risks of cracking. The use of polypropylene does not compensate for the lack of good design, water/cement ratios, temperature and wind conditions. One important thing to remember is nothing replaces good concrete practices. Bibliography Schupack, Morris, and William R. Stanley. "Seven Case Studies of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Slabs." Concrete International Feb. 1992:50-56. Soroushian, Parviz., Faiz Mirza, and Abdulraman Alhozaimy. "Permeability Characteristics of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete." ACI Materials Journal 92(1995):291-295. Mirza, Faiz., Parviz Soroushian, and Abdulraman Alhozaimy. "Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete." ACI Materials Journal 92(1995):553-560. Biddle, Daniel T. "Fiber Reinforcement in Residential Concrete." Concrete International Feb. 1991:46-47.